On-chain AI agents are increasingly capable of reasoning through complex DeFi strategies, but ERC-8211’s devs say a shared on-chain execution layer was lacking.
Blockchain infrastructure company Biconomy has unveiled ERC-8211, an execution standard for on-chain AI agents, co-developed with the Ethereum Foundation, per an X post on April 7. The development falls under the EF’s Improve UX initiative.
The new standard — referred to as “smart batching” — lets AI agents carry out complex, multi-step DeFi strategies without pre-encoding every parameter at signing time. The specification was published on April 6 alongside an open-source reference implementation and a live demo.
The proposal lists four authors, primarily current and former Biconomy engineers: Mislav Javor, Filip Dujmušić, Filipp Makarov, and Venkatesh Rajendran.
According to Biconomy’s X post announcing the development, the core issue facing on-chain agent interaction with protocols is that current batch execution on Ethereum is static and locks in calldata before a transaction hits the chain. But DeFi is dynamic: swap outputs shift with slippage, bridge fees fluctuate, and lending vault ratios change block by block.
The post illustrates the issue with an example of an agent trying to swap ETH for USDC on Ethereum, and then deposit the USDC to a DeFi lending protocol like Aave. The agent in that case has to estimate the swap output in advance. Estimate too high and the batch reverts, estimate too low and funds sit idle.
“Static batching forces a bad choice: hardcode an optimistic amount and risk a revert, or underestimate conservatively and leave value stranded,” the X post reads.
ERC-8211’s smart batching introduces three “building blocks” to address the issues around static batching: fetchers that read live on-chain state at execution time, constraints that validate resolved values before each call proceeds, and predicate entries — a way to check whether on-chain conditions are met.
As Ethereum’s official account put it in an X post today, the standard “allows users and agents to express multi-step composable actions as a simple off-chain script with built-in safety.”
Per Biconomy’s announcement post, the standard is account-agnostic, and compatible with ERC-7683, ERC-4337, and interoperability standards that are supported by the Ethereum Foundation Protocol’s Improve UX track.
The authors also note that the standard is designed to complement the broader agent infrastructure stack on Ethereum, namely ERC-8004 for agent identification and reputation, ERC-8183 for agent-to-agent commerce, and Coinbase-developed agent payment protocol x402.
An Ethereum Magicians discussion thread for the new standard is open for technical feedback, the announcement notes.
As The Defiant reported last month, the number of ERC-8004 AI agents registered across blockchain networks has grown sharply this year, with the largest number of agents using the standard on BNB Smart Chain. Yet most remain limited to basic swaps and transfers.
On the infrastructure side, the Ethereum Foundation has also recently set up a dedicated “dAI Team” aimed at making Ethereum the preferred settlement layer for AI agents and the machine economy, as The Defiant reported.
This article was written with the assistance of AI workflows. All our stories are curated, edited and fact-checked by a human.